Revolut
Verified“UK-headquartered, EU-passported, US-cloud-hosted.”
- Customers
- 55M+ (40M+ in Europe)
- Valuation
- ~$75B (private)
- EU bank licence
- ECB / Lithuania
- Cloud
- Google Cloud (US)
45 = midpoint of Control 54 & Data 35
Sovereignty Quadrant
Control ↑ who owns & governs the company · Data → where your data lives. Every dot is a company — click to open it.
Every number below traces to 16 sourced facts across 13 independent sources, last verified 2026-06-12. 4 open questions hold confidence at 78% — they lower confidence, never the score.
Control ↑
Who legally and economically controls the company
Legal & Jurisdiction
62
Group parent and lead bank are UK (Revolut Group Holdings Ltd, London; Revolut Bank UK Ltd full PRA/FCA licence Mar 2026). But the 40M+ European customers bank with Revolut Bank UAB, a genuinely EU-incorporated, ECB-licensed bank in Lithuania with EU deposit protection and Lithuanian DPA oversight — and a Paris WE-HQ + French licence are coming. EU law fully reaches the European business; the group's centre of gravity is still UK. A true Brexit split.
Why 62? 4 sourced facts · click to expand
EU bank entity is EU-incorporated, ECB-licensed
Bank of Lithuania · as of 2021-12
Adding an EU bank base via French licence + Paris HQ
Revolut Newsroom · as of 2025-05
Control & Ownership
45
Founder-led but globally owned. CEO Storonsky holds ~29% (founders ~32%) under a single class of ordinary shares (six classes collapsed in Oct 2023 for the UK licence). The economic majority sits with non-EU institutions — SoftBank Vision Fund 2, Tiger Global, Coatue, Greenoaks, NVIDIA's NVentures. Private company, no EU (or any) public listing. EU-resident voting/economic majority is absent.
Why 45? 4 sourced facts · click to expand
Largest individual shareholder is the founder-CEO
RevenueMemo (cap-table writeup) · as of 2026
Single class of ordinary shares after collapsing 6 classes
RevenueMemo · as of 2023-10
Top institutional backers are US/Asia funds
Investing.com / Euronews · as of 2024-2025
Data →
Where your data lives and who can reach it
Data & Infrastructure
25
Core infrastructure runs on Google Cloud — a US hyperscaler — built on Compute Engine, BigQuery, Cloud Storage and an Iceberg data lakehouse. EU customer data has a Lithuanian controller (Revolut Bank UAB) and EEA processing is claimed, but the underlying provider is US-owned, so CLOUD Act / foreign-law exposure remains. EU regions on a US hyperscaler land in the 20-40 band; specific EU-region residency commitments are not publicly disclosed.
Why 25? 4 sourced facts · click to expand
Core infrastructure is Google Cloud (US provider)
Google Cloud case study · as of 2025
Multi-year deal deepened incl. Gemini AI on Google Cloud
DatacenterDynamics · as of 2025
EEA data controller is the Lithuanian entity
Revolut Privacy Notice (LT) · as of 2026
Data may be transferred outside the EEA under safeguards
Revolut Privacy Notice (LT) · as of 2026
Operations & People
50
Genuinely mixed/global. Global HQ is London (Canary Wharf, YY London, opened Sep 2025), reporting currency GBP. But the EU footprint is large and growing: Lithuania bank, a €1B Paris Western Europe HQ, plus Barcelona, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Ireland hubs. Counterweight: a fast-growing India workforce (target ~40% of global headcount by end-2026) and a founder-CEO who has split time to the UAE. EU-significant but not EU-centred.
Why 50? 4 sourced facts · click to expand
Founder-CEO relocated tax residence (UAE, partly reverted)
Gulf News · as of 2024-10
Aligned to the EU Commission’s official Cloud Sovereignty Framework (SEAL, Jun 2026) →
What we don’t know
4 open questions — they lower confidence, never the score
- ?
Which specific Google Cloud regions hold EEA customer data, and is residency contractually pinned to EU regions?
If data sits only in EU regions it lifts infra somewhat, but US-provider CLOUD Act exposure remains regardless of region.
- ?
Exact post-2024 cap table — precise institutional percentages and how much of the economic majority is non-EU.
Confirms whether the economic majority is firmly foreign; would refine the ownership score up or down by ~10 points.
- ?
Where will the group's regulatory and economic centre of gravity sit once the French licence and Paris HQ are live?
A French/Lithuanian dual-EU bank base could materially raise the legal and operations scores over the next 1-2 years.
- ?
Current precise global headcount split (UK vs EU vs India) given the 40% India target.
A majority-India workforce would pull operations below the mixed band.
EU Cloud Sovereignty Framework lens
SEAL was designed to assess cloud providers; this is an analogous sovereignty mapping for a fintech, not a certification.
Strategic
Founder-led with a stated EU expansion strategy (Paris HQ, French licence), but headquartered in the UK and increasingly India-weighted operationally.
Legal & jurisdictional
EU customers fall under an ECB-licensed Lithuanian bank with EU enforceability; the group parent and lead bank are UK. A genuine post-Brexit split.
Data & AI
Core infra and AI (incl. Gemini) run on Google Cloud, a US hyperscaler. Lithuanian GDPR controller and EEA processing claimed, but non-EEA transfers are permitted under safeguards.
Operational
Large EU footprint (Lithuania, Paris, Barcelona, Poland, Portugal, Romania) but UK global HQ, GBP reporting, and a fast-growing India workforce.
Supply chain
Heavy dependence on a single US cloud provider (Google Cloud) for core infrastructure and AI; concentration and foreign-law risk.
Technological
Differentiating tech stack (lakehouse, fraud/AI models) is built on US-owned cloud and AI services rather than EU-sovereign infrastructure.
Security & compliance
Dual-regulated in the UK (PRA/FCA, full licence Mar 2026) and EU (ECB/Bank of Lithuania); past regulator concerns over AML and IT controls during the UK licence wait.
Environmental sustainability
New HQ cites ESG credentials, but no independently verified emissions/energy disclosures were located for this profile.
EU alternatives
German-licensed (BaFin) neobank, EU-incorporated and EU-run — but also private and relies on US hyperscaler (AWS) cloud.
Dutch-licensed bank (DNB/ECB), EU-incorporated and EU-controlled; smaller scale and still uses US cloud for parts of its stack.
French-founded business-banking fintech, EU-centred operations and ACPR-supervised; SME-focused rather than a full consumer-bank Revolut substitute.
How the method works
Methodology v2 (provisional): the score is the midpoint of two axes — Control (who owns and governs the company) and Data (where your data lives and who can reach it). Each axis is scored only on verified evidence; unknowns reduce confidence, never the score. Every input below is sourced; the weights and judgments are open to challenge.
Spotted an error? Every claim is sourced — challenge it and we correct the record.
- 2026-06-12 — Initial golden profile, authored from primary sources (human + AI review).
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Verified 2026-06-12 · Human + AI joint review (sources independently checked) · Methodology