Oracle
Verified“American to the core, EU-sovereign only on request.”
- Listing
- NYSE: ORCL
- Revenue (FY2025)
- $57.4B
- Employees
- ~152,000
- Founder stake
- Ellison ~40%
15 = midpoint of Control 10 & Data 19
Sovereignty Quadrant
Control ↑ who owns & governs the company · Data → where your data lives. Every dot is a company — click to open it.
Every number below traces to 15 sourced facts across 11 independent sources, last verified 2026-06-12. 4 open questions hold confidence at 88% — they lower confidence, never the score.
Control ↑
Who legally and economically controls the company
Legal & Jurisdiction
12
Incorporated in Delaware and headquartered in the US (Austin, relocating to Nashville); the parent entity is fully subject to US law, not EU law.
Why 12? 4 sourced facts · click to expand
Oracle Corporation is incorporated in Delaware and files a US Form 10-K as a US registrant.
SEC EDGAR — Oracle FY2025 10-K · as of 2025-05-31
Oracle's principal executive offices are located at 2300 Oracle Way, Austin, Texas, USA.
SEC EDGAR — Oracle FY2025 10-K · as of 2025-05-31
Oracle announced it is moving its world headquarters to Nashville, Tennessee, committing over $175M to the city.
California Globe · as of 2025
As a US-domiciled provider, Oracle is subject to the US CLOUD Act and FISA 702, which can compel disclosure of data it controls.
Civo — CLOUD Act / FISA 702 analysis · as of 2025
Control & Ownership
8
NYSE-listed with US-concentrated ownership; founder Larry Ellison personally controls ~40% of voting shares — overwhelmingly US control.
Why 8? 4 sourced facts · click to expand
Oracle is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under ticker ORCL, having moved from Nasdaq in 2013.
The Motley Fool · as of 2013
Founder Larry Ellison is the largest shareholder, owning roughly 1.16 billion shares, about 40% of the company.
WallStreetZen — ORCL ownership · as of 2026
Reported ownership is roughly 42% institutional, 41% insiders, 17% retail — concentrated in US holders.
WallStreetZen — ORCL ownership · as of 2026
Oracle's market capitalization is in the hundreds of billions of USD (varying ~$530B-$660B across providers, June 2026).
companiesmarketcap.com — Oracle · as of 2026-06
Data →
Where your data lives and who can reach it
Data & Infrastructure
22
Oracle is a US hyperscaler whose default infrastructure is US-controlled; its real EU Sovereign Cloud (Frankfurt + Madrid, EU entities, EU-only staff) raises the floor, but it is opt-in and the US parent still has CLOUD Act reach.
Why 22? 4 sourced facts · click to expand
Oracle's EU Sovereign Cloud runs from two regions in Frankfurt and Madrid, operated by EU-incorporated Oracle subsidiaries staffed only by EU residents.
CIO.com — Oracle EU Sovereign Cloud · as of 2024
Oracle scaled EU Sovereign Cloud operations to 1,500+ EU residents across seven dedicated EU-incorporated legal entities, separated from global operations.
cloud13.ch analysis · as of 2026
Independent analysts note the US parent remains domiciled in the US, so the subsidiary is 'controlled' for CLOUD Act purposes despite isolation.
Civo — sovereign cloud reality check · as of 2025
Oracle's standard commercial cloud (OCI) regions and government regions are operated globally by the US parent group, the default for most customers.
CIO Dive — Oracle EU sovereign cloud · as of 2023
Operations & People
14
US-centered operations: US HQ, US-based leadership (Ellison Chairman/CTO, two US co-CEOs), USD reporting, with a large but globally distributed (US-anchored) workforce.
Why 14? 3 sourced facts · click to expand
Oracle reported total fiscal 2025 (year ended May 31, 2025) revenue of $57.4 billion, reported in US dollars.
Oracle Investor Relations — FY2025 results · as of 2025-05-31
Oracle employs roughly 152,000 people worldwide, with operations anchored in the US.
Oracle FY2025 10-K (SEC EDGAR) · as of 2025
Leadership is US-based: Larry Ellison is Chairman and CTO, with Clay Magouyrk and Mike Sicilia appointed co-CEOs and Safra Catz as Executive Vice Chair.
Cloud Wars — Oracle's new co-CEOs · as of 2026
Aligned to the EU Commission’s official Cloud Sovereignty Framework (SEAL, Jun 2026) →
What we don’t know
4 open questions — they lower confidence, never the score
- ?
What share of total user/customer data sits in EU Sovereign Cloud versus standard US-controlled OCI regions?
Determines whether the EU-residency option meaningfully reduces aggregate sovereignty exposure or is a niche product.
- ?
Has Oracle's CLOUD Act 'no possession, custody or control' position over EU Sovereign Cloud data been tested in court or by a regulator?
Until tested, the legal separation is an assertion, not a proven shield against US compelled disclosure.
- ?
Exact precise current global headcount and EU-region workforce split.
Affects accuracy of the operations score; cited ~152,000 is approximate from secondary readings of the 10-K.
- ?
Confirmed completion date and legal effect of the Austin-to-Nashville HQ move.
Cosmetic for sovereignty (both US), but affects the 'where it's run' label precision.
EU Cloud Sovereignty Framework lens
The EU Cloud Sovereignty Framework (and SEAL) targets cloud service providers; this is an analogous mapping of Oracle's posture, not a certification or an official SEAL assessment.
Strategic
US-headquartered, US-listed, founder-controlled; strategic direction sits entirely outside EU influence.
Legal & jurisdictional
Delaware parent subject to US CLOUD Act and FISA 702; EU law does not bind the controlling entity.
Data & AI
Default OCI is US-controlled, but a real EU Sovereign Cloud (Frankfurt/Madrid, EU entities, EU-only staff) exists for customers who opt in.
Operational
1,500+ EU-resident operators run the Sovereign Cloud under dedicated EU entities; broader operations remain US-led.
Supply chain
Hardware, core engineering and group functions are US-anchored; not assessed in detail here.
Technological
Database, OCI and AI stack are US-owned IP controlled by the US parent.
Security & compliance
EU Sovereign Cloud isolation and a documented data-access-request process exist, but the US parent's legal reach is unresolved.
Environmental sustainability
Outside scope of this sovereignty profile; no EU-specific sustainability claim verified here.
EU alternatives
French-incorporated, Euronext-listed cloud provider; EU-controlled infrastructure with no US-parent CLOUD Act exposure.
German-incorporated enterprise software peer (databases/ERP), but runs much of its cloud on US hyperscalers — strong on control, weaker on infra.
Deutsche Telekom subsidiary offering EU-operated cloud and database hosting; EU-controlled alternative for enterprise workloads.
How the method works
Methodology v2 (provisional): the score is the midpoint of two axes — Control (who owns and governs the company) and Data (where your data lives and who can reach it). Each axis is scored only on verified evidence; unknowns reduce confidence, never the score. Every input below is sourced; the weights and judgments are open to challenge.
Spotted an error? Every claim is sourced — challenge it and we correct the record.
- 2026-06-12 — Initial golden profile, authored from primary sources (human + AI review).
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Verified 2026-06-12 · Human + AI joint review (sources independently checked) · Methodology